Kidneys and eyes in the human body are filled with capillaries or tiny blood vessels. These are prone to damage as a long-term complication in diabetic conditions. Excess blood sugar can clog up the small blood vessels of these organs. Whereas kidney damage may be controlled by proper diet and glucose control, eye damage may be irreversible.

Diabetic Retinopathy:
refers to non-inflammatory damage to the retina of the eye, not involving inflammation. Most commonly it is a problem with the blood supply that is the cause for this condition. About one-fifth of type 2 patients show signs of retinopathy when their diabetes is first diagnosed.It is compulsory thus that diabetics go for regular eye checkups. The doctor will usually do a refraction, eye pressure and retinal examination. If some effect of diabetes on retina is seen, then Fluorescein Angiography is done.

Diabetic Nephropathy:
or diabetic kidney disease is a chronic, progressive disease, which is permanent in 30% of the patients. Microalbuminuria, characterized by the presence of albumin protein in urine, is the first sign of diabetic nephropathy. As advised by the physician, salt and protein should be reduced. Drugs like ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers can limit the damage on the kidneys.